Comparison of systems

Copper and Silver electrodes

BIFIPRO® works. One of the reasons BIFIPRO® works so reliably is the so-called Residual Effect. If a BIFIPRO® system would be inactive (for instance because power is interrrupted) it would take up to 6 weeks before the biofilm, and hence the Legionella bacteria, would return. If within that 6 week period, the BIFPRO® system starts operating normally again, there is no risk of a Legionella contamination.

Other techniques such as filtration or UV-light treatment do not have this benefit: even a short interruption can allow the Legionella bacteria to return. In addition biofilm can remain in existence in the watersystem in valves or thermostatic valves, such that a few bacteria entering the system can feed off the biofilm. Eventually a whole colony will form again, with the resulting risk of contamination.

Alternatives

Parameter Copper - Silver Ionisation Chlorination Flushing and heating Chlorine Dioxyde Ultra Violet Light(U.V.)
Concentration Needed Cu = 0.2 - 0.8 mg/l, Ag = 0.02 - 0.08 mg/l 2 - 4 mg/l 80°C for30 minutes 0.5 - 1 mg/l as CLO2 300 nm
Effectiveness documented Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Residual Effect `Yes No No More stable than Chlorine No
Time before recolonisation 6 - 12 weeks 1 - 2 weeks Varies No information Only locally effective
Temperature dependence No influence Desintegrates Not applicable Desintegrates Only locally effective
pH dependence Higher pH (>8,5) can influence effectiveness Higher pH (>8,5) reduces effectiveness No effect No effect No effect
Byproducts None Trihalomethanes (THMs) None Chlorate and Chlorite None
Taste and smell None Strong None Minimal despite high concentrations None
Corrosion None Very corrosive Corrosive Corrosive None
Maintenance Routine electrode inspection, Routine concentrate inspection Regulation for transport, storage and handling in effect. Routine inspection of concentration. Regular inspection for corrosion Scalding is possible, labour-intensive Regulation for transport, storage and handling in effect. Routine inspection of concentration. Regular inspection for corrosion Routine cleaning
Degradation of Effectiveness None Does not eliminate biofilm. Loses effectiveness at high pH. Desintegrates at high temperatures and degrades over distance. Does not eliminate biofilm and recolonisation is possible. Desintegrates at high temperatures and degrades over distance. Only locally effective, does not work in shadows